Waste is a by-product of
modern living. Put simply, waste is what people throw away because they no
longer need it or want it. Almost everything we do creates waste and as a
society we are currently producing more waste than ever before. Governments
across Australia and around the world have recognized the difficulties of
current consumption patterns, and among other policy responses, have either
adopted ambitious targets for reducing waste to landfill or adopted “zero”
waste policies.
Too Good To Waste
Solid waste generated by our communities and
emerging issues like household waste.
Waste is generally defined as any product or substance that has no further use
for the person or organization that generated it, and which is, or will be,
discarded. That is, when the material ceases to have any value and purpose in
the hands of its current owner. It thus excludes products or substances that
are reused by the organization that generated them. Waste may be generated
during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of those materials to
intermediate and final products, and the consumption of final products
What drives
waste generation?
Growth in the amount of waste
generated per capita in Australia
has been driven by a number of economic, demographic and geographic factors. A
consequence of Australia's fast growing, materially intensive economy is the
production of large quantities of waste.3 Growth in waste generation appears to
be positively related to growth in household incomes and corporate earnings.
Studies show that amount of waste generated often increases along with gross
domestic product (GDP).
Some
of the growth in waste generation, especially in per person terms, has been
driven by changes in population demographics. Australians are tending to live
in smaller household groups, with the average household size shrinking by 14%
over the 20 years to 2001 (4). As well, homes are becoming more luxurious with
the ownership of more durable goods per person and an increase in the
consumption of smaller-serve goods (which have higher packaging-to-product
ratios than larger-serve goods) (3).
Similarly, the increasing dispersal of settlement (urban sprawl) and changes in lifestyle
may also contribute to an increase in per person waste generation. Increased
distances between home and work (and rising incomes) may decrease the amount of
time spent on domestic tasks, such as cooking and cleaning and increase the
purchase of prepackaged food and time-saving devices, such as washing machines
and dishwashers (2).
Rate of waste
generation
Both government and non-government organizations
frequently describe Australia
as a high producer of waste when compared with other countries.
So we need to manage waste as
much as possible. Here some solutions are used:
WHERE
DOES OUR WASTE GO?
Solid waste can be managed in
many different ways.
How it is managed – whether it is land
filled, incinerated, recycled, composted or exported – will depend on the
source and the type of waste involved and the financial viability of the
different management methods and policies. It will also depend who is providing
the service (waste management firms or local government bodies or on-site by
the waste generator), the type and capacity of waste facilities, government
policies, legislation and other factors such as rural versus urban.
- Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are
identified as no longer being of value and are thrown away. This is where
the unwanted materials and products may enter the waste stream.
- Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the
source involve the activities associated with the management of wastes
until collection. For example, waste and recyclable materials are sorted,
placed in bags or containers, stored until collection and then transported
to the collection point.
- Collection, transfer and transport of
wastes and recyclable materials are collected from homes, businesses,
institutions, industry and other places and then transported to the
location where the collection vehicle is emptied. The location may be a
Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), transfer station, or a landfill
disposal site.
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