Waste is a by-product of modern living. Put simply, waste is what people throw away because they no longer need it or want it. Almost everything we do creates waste and as a society we are currently producing more waste than ever before. Governments across Australia and around the world have recognized the difficulties of current consumption patterns, and among other policy responses, have either adopted ambitious targets for reducing waste to landfill or adopted “zero” waste policies.
Too Good To Waste
Solid waste generated by our communities and emerging issues like household waste. Waste is generally defined as any product or substance that has no further use for the person or organization that generated it, and which is, or will be, discarded. That is, when the material ceases to have any value and purpose in the hands of its current owner. It thus excludes products or substances that are reused by the organization that generated them. Waste may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of those materials to intermediate and final products, and the consumption of final products
What drives
waste generation?
Growth in the amount of waste generated per capita in Australia has been driven by a number of economic, demographic and geographic factors. A consequence of Australia's fast growing, materially intensive economy is the production of large quantities of waste.3 Growth in waste generation appears to be positively related to growth in household incomes and corporate earnings. Studies show that amount of waste generated often increases along with gross domestic product (GDP).
Growth in the amount of waste generated per capita in Australia has been driven by a number of economic, demographic and geographic factors. A consequence of Australia's fast growing, materially intensive economy is the production of large quantities of waste.3 Growth in waste generation appears to be positively related to growth in household incomes and corporate earnings. Studies show that amount of waste generated often increases along with gross domestic product (GDP).
Some
of the growth in waste generation, especially in per person terms, has been
driven by changes in population demographics. Australians are tending to live
in smaller household groups, with the average household size shrinking by 14%
over the 20 years to 2001 (4). As well, homes are becoming more luxurious with
the ownership of more durable goods per person and an increase in the
consumption of smaller-serve goods (which have higher packaging-to-product
ratios than larger-serve goods) (3).
Similarly, the increasing dispersal of settlement (urban sprawl) and changes in lifestyle may also contribute to an increase in per person waste generation. Increased distances between home and work (and rising incomes) may decrease the amount of time spent on domestic tasks, such as cooking and cleaning and increase the purchase of prepackaged food and time-saving devices, such as washing machines and dishwashers (2).
Similarly, the increasing dispersal of settlement (urban sprawl) and changes in lifestyle may also contribute to an increase in per person waste generation. Increased distances between home and work (and rising incomes) may decrease the amount of time spent on domestic tasks, such as cooking and cleaning and increase the purchase of prepackaged food and time-saving devices, such as washing machines and dishwashers (2).
Rate of waste
generation
Both government and non-government organizations frequently describe Australia as a high producer of waste when compared with other countries.
Both government and non-government organizations frequently describe Australia as a high producer of waste when compared with other countries.
So we need to manage waste as
much as possible. Here some solutions are used:
WHERE
DOES OUR WASTE GO?
Solid waste can be managed in
many different ways.
How it is managed – whether it is land
filled, incinerated, recycled, composted or exported – will depend on the
source and the type of waste involved and the financial viability of the
different management methods and policies. It will also depend who is providing
the service (waste management firms or local government bodies or on-site by
the waste generator), the type and capacity of waste facilities, government
policies, legislation and other factors such as rural versus urban.
- Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are thrown away. This is where the unwanted materials and products may enter the waste stream.
- Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source involve the activities associated with the management of wastes until collection. For example, waste and recyclable materials are sorted, placed in bags or containers, stored until collection and then transported to the collection point.
- Collection, transfer and transport of wastes and recyclable materials are collected from homes, businesses, institutions, industry and other places and then transported to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. The location may be a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), transfer station, or a landfill disposal site.
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